What are the types of vaginitis?

Vaginitis mainly includes bacterial vaginosis, vulvovaginal candidiasis, trichomonas vaginitis, atrophic vaginitis and non-specific vaginitis.

1. Bacterial vaginosis

Bacterial vaginosis is a vaginal inflammation caused by the reduction of lactobacilli in the vagina and the overgrowth of anaerobic bacteria such as Gardnerella. The main manifestation is gray-white thin secretion with fishy odor, and the vaginal pH value usually exceeds 4.5. Medications such as metronidazole vaginal gel and clindamycin vaginal cream can be used for treatment. At the same time, care should be taken to avoid excessive vaginal douching.

2. Vulvovaginal candidiasis

Vulvovaginal candidiasis, commonly known as fungal vaginitis, is mainly caused by Candida albicans infection. Typical symptoms are vulvar itching, bean-like leucorrhea, and vaginal mucosal redness and swelling. Commonly used treatment drugs include clotrimazole vaginal tablets, fluconazole capsules, and nystatin vaginal suppositories. Diabetic patients and those who take antibiotics for a long time are prone to relapse.

3. Trichomonal vaginitis

Trichomonas vaginitis is caused by Trichomonas vaginalis infection and is a sexually transmitted disease. The characteristic manifestation is a large amount of yellow-green foamy secretion, accompanied by obvious odor and symptoms of vulvar irritation. The main treatment plan is oral metronidazole tablets or tinidazole tablets, and sexual partners need to be treated at the same time. Sexual intercourse and the use of public baths should be avoided during treatment.

4. Atrophic vaginitis

Atrophic vaginitis is more common in postmenopausal women. Decreased estrogen levels cause the vaginal mucosa to thin and atrophy. The main symptoms are vaginal dryness, pain during intercourse and a small amount of bloody discharge. Treatment can be with estrogen vaginal ointment or topical estriol cream. In severe cases, hormone replacement therapy is required.

5. Non-specific vaginitis

Nonspecific vaginitis refers to vaginal inflammation that does not meet the above specific types and may be caused by a variety of factors, such as chemical irritation, allergic reactions, or poor hygiene habits. The clinical manifestations are diverse and the diagnosis needs to be confirmed by elimination diagnosis. Treatment should be tailored to the specific cause and may include eliminating irritating factors, improving hygiene, or using broad-spectrum antimicrobials.

To prevent vaginitis, you should pay attention to keeping the vulva clean and dry, avoid wearing tight chemical fiber underwear, and do not excessively use lotion to rinse the vagina. Cleaning before and after sex and using condoms can reduce the risk of infection. If symptoms such as abnormal discharge and itching occur, you should seek medical advice promptly and avoid self-medication. You can consume an appropriate amount of yogurt containing probiotics every day to maintain the balance of normal vaginal flora. The treatment plans for different types of vaginitis vary greatly. After diagnosis, medication should be standardized under the guidance of a doctor and the full course of treatment should be completed to prevent recurrence.