What causes varicocele

Varicocele may be caused by venous valve insufficiency, obstruction of venous return, weak blood vessel walls, prolonged standing or sitting, tumor compression and other factors, and can be improved through drug treatment, surgical treatment and other methods. Varicocele usually presents with symptoms such as scrotal swelling, pain, and testicular atrophy.

1. Venous valve insufficiency

Insufficiency of the spermatic vein valve will lead to reflux of blood and increased intravenous pressure, causing venous dilatation and tortuosity. This condition may be related to congenital developmental abnormalities, and usually manifests as increased scrotal swelling after standing for a long time. Mild patients can relieve symptoms by wearing a scrotal sling, while moderate to severe patients should consider laparoscopic high spermatic vein ligation.

2. Obstructed venous return

The left spermatic vein merges into the left renal vein at a right angle, and the special anatomical structure can easily lead to obstruction of blood return. Long-term venous hypertension will cause the vein wall to expand and deform, which may be accompanied by soreness and discomfort in the left waist. Ultrasound examination can reveal that the diameter of the vein exceeds 2 mm. After diagnosis, spermatic vein ligation under a microscope can be used for treatment.

3. Weak blood vessel walls

Poor development of connective tissue in blood vessel walls can lead to weakened elasticity of veins, making varicose veins more likely to occur when abdominal pressure increases. Such patients often have a family genetic history, and their symptoms worsen during coughing and defecation. It is recommended to avoid heavy physical labor and follow the doctor's advice to use intravenous drugs such as diosmin tablets and Maizhiling tablets to improve circulation.

4. Standing or sitting for a long time

Maintaining an upright posture for a long time will increase the resistance of spermatic vein return, and the incidence rate is higher among professional groups such as teachers and chefs. Symptoms typically worsen during the day and are relieved after lying down. You need to adjust your working habits, move for 5-10 minutes every hour, and take a sitz bath with warm water to reduce scrotal discomfort.

5. Tumor compression

Retroperitoneal tumors or renal tumors may compress the spermatic vein and cause secondary varicose veins. This condition will appear suddenly and progressively, and may be accompanied by systemic symptoms such as hematuria and weight loss. The cause needs to be clarified through CT examination, and varicose veins can be relieved after timely treatment of the primary lesion.

Patients with varicocele should avoid cycling or horseback riding for long periods of time, and reduce actions that increase abdominal pressure such as heavy lifting. Eating more foods rich in vitamin E and dietary fiber, such as nuts and broccoli, can help improve blood vessel elasticity. Regular scrotal ultrasonography should be performed to monitor changes in the condition. If persistent pain or fertility problems occur, you should seek medical advice promptly to evaluate the indications for surgery.