What causes a hard lump on the testicles?

The appearance of small hard lumps on the testicles may be related to epididymitis, testicular cysts, testicular tuberculosis, testicular tumors, varicocele and other causes. It is recommended to seek medical treatment promptly, make a clear diagnosis through physical examination, ultrasound examination, etc., and carry out targeted treatment under the guidance of a doctor.

1. Epididymitis

Epididymitis is usually caused by a bacterial infection and may be accompanied by symptoms such as redness, swelling, and pain in the scrotum. Patients can use cefixime dispersible tablets, levofloxacin tablets, azithromycin granules and other drugs for anti-infective treatment as directed by the doctor. During treatment, strenuous exercise should be avoided and the area should be kept clean and dry.

2. Testicular cyst

Testicular cysts are mostly benign lesions, which may be related to obstruction of the testicular rete lumen, and usually have no symptoms. When the cyst is large, the induration can be palpated, and generally no special treatment is required. If the cyst causes discomfort or continues to grow, surgical removal may be considered.

3. Testicular tuberculosis

Testicular tuberculosis is often secondary to pulmonary tuberculosis and may be accompanied by symptoms such as low fever and night sweats. Patients need to follow the doctor's advice and use anti-tuberculosis drugs such as isoniazid tablets, rifampin capsules, and pyrazinamide tablets for standardized treatment. During the treatment period, nutrition needs to be strengthened and regular reexaminations are required.

4. Testicular tumors

Testicular tumors are mostly painless lumps that may be accompanied by symptoms such as testicular enlargement and swelling. After diagnosis, surgical resection, radiotherapy or chemotherapy need to be selected according to the pathological type. Commonly used chemotherapy drugs include cisplatin injection, etoposide injection, etc.

5. Varicocele

Varicocele may cause a tortuous mass to be felt in the scrotum, often accompanied by a feeling of bloating in the scrotum. Mild patients can relieve symptoms by wearing tight underwear, while severe patients require high spermatic vein ligation. Avoiding standing and sitting for long periods of time can help prevent worsening of the condition.

You should keep your perineum clean every day and wear loose and breathable cotton underwear to avoid local friction and irritation. In the diet, you can appropriately increase the intake of fresh vegetables and fruits, and supplement with vitamins to enhance immunity. Avoid overexertion and prolonged riding to reduce pressure on the scrotal area. If the induration persists or is accompanied by pain, redness, swelling and other symptoms, you should go to the urology department in time and receive standard treatment after completing relevant examinations. Regular testicular self-examination can help detect abnormal changes early.