Why do intrauterine adhesions appear?

Intrauterine adhesions are usually caused by endometrial injury, infection, surgical operations and other factors, and may manifest as symptoms such as abnormal menstruation, infertility or recurrent miscarriage. The main reasons include endometrial basal layer damage, uterine cavity infection, uterine cavity surgery history, genetic susceptibility, endocrine disorders and other reasons.

1. Injury to the basal layer of the endometrium

Induced abortion, dilation and curettage and other operations may damage the basal layer of the endometrium, leading to excessive proliferation of fibrous tissue and formation of adhesions during the repair process. Patients may experience reduced menstrual flow or amenorrhea and need to undergo hysteroscopic adhesion separation. After surgery, they can use estrogen and progesterone sequential therapy to promote endometrial repair as directed by the doctor. Commonly used drugs include estradiol valerate tablets, progesterone capsules, etc.

2. Uterine cavity infection

Infectious diseases such as chronic endometritis and tuberculous endometritis may cause inflammatory exudates to organize and form adhesions. It is often accompanied by symptoms such as lower abdominal pain and abnormal vaginal discharge. It is necessary to carry out pathogen detection and then use targeted antibiotics, such as levofloxacin tablets, metronidazole tablets, etc. In severe cases, combined hysteroscopic treatment is required.

3. History of uterine surgery

Uterine cavity surgeries such as myomectomy and cesarean section may cause traumatic adhesions, especially those who undergo multiple surgeries, the risk increases significantly. Lower abdominal pain may occur in the early postoperative period, which may lead to fertility problems in the long term. The key to prevention lies in standardizing surgical operations. After surgery, an intrauterine device can be placed for a short period of time or sodium hyaluronate gel can be used to isolate the wound.

4. Genetic susceptibility

Some patients have gene polymorphisms in the fibrinolytic system, which makes them more likely to form pathological fibroplasia after trauma. Such patients often have familial aggregation and require enhanced postoperative monitoring, and preventive use of anti-adhesion materials such as chitosan uterine stents when necessary.

5. Endocrine disorders

Low estrogen levels may affect the normal proliferation and repair of the endometrium, which is common in conditions such as ovarian hypofunction and pituitary gland disease. Symptoms include irregular menstrual cycles and thin endometrium, which need to be improved through hormone replacement therapy, such as combined estrogen tablets, dydrogesterone tablets, etc., while monitoring the endometrial response.

Patients are advised to maintain a regular schedule, avoid overexertion, and pay attention to perineal hygiene. Bath bathing and sexual intercourse are prohibited within 3 months after surgery, and the recovery of the uterine cavity should be reviewed regularly as directed by the doctor. Those preparing for pregnancy need to complete a systematic assessment and, if necessary, undergo assisted reproductive treatment under the guidance of a doctor. You can increase the intake of high-quality protein and vitamin E in an appropriate amount in your diet to promote endometrium repair.