Can polycystic ovary syndrome be diagnosed with B-ultrasound?

Polycystic ovary syndrome can be diagnosed through B-ultrasound examination, but it needs to be comprehensively judged based on clinical manifestations and hormone levels. The diagnostic criteria for polycystic ovary syndrome mainly include oligomenorrhea or amenorrhea, hyperandrogen manifestations, and polycystic ovarian changes under ultrasound.

1. Abnormal menstruation

Oligomenorrhea or amenorrhea is the core symptom of polycystic ovary syndrome, which is characterized by a menstrual cycle of more than 35 days or less than 8 menstrual periods per year. This is related to hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis dysfunction, leading to follicle development failure and anovulation. Patients may also have symptoms of hyperandrogen such as acne and hirsutism. For treatment, you can use short-acting contraceptive pills such as ethinyl estradiol cyproterone tablets and drospirenone ethinyl estradiol tablets as directed by your doctor to regulate the menstrual cycle.

2. Performance of hyperandrogen

Clinical manifestations include hirsutism, acne, seborrheic alopecia, etc., which are related to excessive androgens derived from the ovaries and adrenal glands. Laboratory tests may reveal elevated serum testosterone levels or elevated free androgen index. Treatment options include anti-androgens such as spironolactone tablets, or compound cyproterone acetate tablets to reduce androgen levels.

3. Polycystic changes in ovaries

Ultrasound examination shows an increase in the size of unilateral or bilateral ovaries, and the number of follicles with a diameter of 2-9 mm exceeds 12, arranged in a necklace-like manner around the ovary. This change is related to continued anovulation leading to follicle accumulation. However, ultrasound findings alone cannot confirm the diagnosis, and other diseases that cause ovulation disorders need to be ruled out. For treatment, ovulation-inducing drugs such as letrozole tablets can be considered to help restore ovulation function.

4. Insulin resistance

About 50%-70% of patients have insulin resistance, manifested by acanthosis nigricans, weight gain, etc. This is related to factors such as obesity and genetics, and can be assessed with an oral glucose tolerance test and insulin release test. Treatment options include metformin tablets to improve insulin sensitivity and lifestyle intervention to control weight.

5. Metabolic abnormalities

Patients often suffer from metabolic problems such as lipid metabolism disorders and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, which are closely related to insulin resistance. It is recommended to regularly monitor blood lipids, liver function and other indicators. Treatment requires comprehensive management, including lifestyle adjustments such as controlling diet, increasing exercise, and using lipid-lowering drugs such as atorvastatin calcium tablets when necessary.

It is recommended that patients with polycystic ovary syndrome establish a healthy lifestyle, maintain a regular schedule and moderate exercise, and control their weight within a normal range. Choose foods with a low glycemic index and limit the intake of refined carbohydrates and saturated fatty acids. Conduct regular gynecological examinations and metabolic index monitoring, follow doctor's instructions and standardize medication use, and avoid stopping medication or changing treatment plans on your own. If problems such as menstrual disorders or infertility occur, you should seek medical evaluation promptly.