Signs before menstruation

Signs before menstruation mainly include breast tenderness, mood swings, changes in appetite, fatigue, and lower abdominal distension. These symptoms are usually related to changes in hormone levels, and most women will experience varying degrees of symptoms 1-2 weeks before menstruation.

1. Breast swelling and pain

Elevated levels of estrogen and progesterone before menstruation can stimulate the proliferation of breast tissue, causing breast tenderness or sensitivity. This kind of swelling and pain is mostly bilaterally symmetrical, and may feel nodular when touched. After menstruation, hormone levels drop, and the symptoms will naturally relieve. Wear loose underwear every day to reduce friction and avoid excessive caffeine intake that aggravates discomfort.

2. Mood swings

Fluctuations in progesterone can affect the secretion of the neurotransmitter 5-hydroxytryptamine, which can easily cause anxiety, irritability or depression. Some women may have difficulty concentrating and poor sleep quality. Maintaining a regular schedule and exercising moderately can help regulate emotions. In severe cases, you can consult a doctor to evaluate whether psychological intervention is needed.

3. Appetite changes

Rising progesterone levels during the luteal phase increase cravings for carbohydrates and high-sugar foods and may be related to changes in blood sugar regulation. It is recommended to choose healthy snacks such as whole grains and nuts instead of sweets, and to supplement foods rich in B vitamins such as bananas and dark green vegetables in an appropriate amount to help stabilize blood sugar.

4. Fatigue

Iron in the body before menstruation is largely consumed as the endometrium thickens, and coupled with the sedative effect of progesterone, it is easy to produce persistent fatigue. It is recommended to increase the intake of iron-containing foods such as lean meat and animal liver to avoid overexertion. You can take a short 15-20 minute lunch break during the day to improve your condition.

5. Lower abdominal distension

Increased prostaglandin secretion can cause slight contraction of the uterus and pelvic congestion, resulting in a feeling of heaviness or dull pain in the lower abdomen. Applying hot compress to the lower abdomen and drinking ginger tea can promote local blood circulation and relieve discomfort. If the pain affects daily life, it is necessary to check whether there are pathological factors such as endometriosis.

Premenstrual symptoms usually do not require special treatment, but if severe headaches, edema, or depression occur, it is recommended to record the symptom cycle and seek medical evaluation. Maintaining moderate daily exercise such as yoga and swimming, controlling salt intake to reduce edema, and ensuring 7-8 hours of sleep can help regulate hormone balance. When symptoms do not relieve or continue to worsen after the menstrual cycle ends, a gynecological examination is required to rule out endocrine diseases such as polycystic ovary syndrome.