What are the basic first aid skills?

For ordinary people who are not medical professionals, the truly practical basic first aid skills do not have much obscure content. The core revolves around the principles of "being able to call for help, being able to ventilate the airway, being able to save lives, and not causing trouble." I have been a community first aid volunteer for almost 4 years. In an emergency, two or three items are enough to help a lot.

Last month, Aunt Zhang's old man in the community got stuck in his throat after eating Yuanxiao, and his face turned purple from holding it in. Uncle Li from the building next door had attended our training class before. He went up and hugged his waist from behind, and hit his upper abdomen three times quickly. The Yuanxiao was spit out directly, and it took less than half a minute. If he had to wait for 120 to come, it would take at least ten minutes, and he might have a problem with holding it in. This is everyone The most commonly heard Heimlich maneuver is also the easiest skill to use in daily life. There has been a quarrel on the Internet that using Heimlich on children can easily injure internal organs. In fact, it is not that it cannot be used, but the technique needs to be adjusted accordingly. Babies under one year old must turn over and lie on their arms, and tap the middle of the shoulder blades with a hollow palm. The force does not need to be too light. Holding it in will be much more serious than tapping the painful spot.

You may not believe it, but the first thing we teach during training is neither Heimlich nor CPR, but the correct call of 120. I have encountered at least seven or eight emergencies. When someone calls, they will just shout "Come here quickly, someone is in trouble." They will not be able to answer the specific address or the status of the injured, which is a waste of precious rescue time. When calling an emergency call, just state three things clearly: first, the exact location, preferably between the house number or the middle of two conspicuous shops on the roadside; second, the current state of the injured person, whether he is awake or comatose, bleeding, and whether he has underlying diseases such as heart disease or diabetes; third, leave your mobile phone number clearly, don't hang up in a hurry, just answer whatever the operator asks, and they will also remotely guide you to do basic treatment, which is much more reliable than doing it yourself.

If you encounter someone who suddenly faints and falls to the ground, don't go up to him and start pinching him. There has been controversy in the industry about the role of pinching him. One group believes that painful stimulation can help wake him up, while the other group believes that if the injured person has a cerebral hemorrhage or a clogged tongue, If the patient's airway is blocked, unconsciously raising the head when pinching the person's philtrum will aggravate the poor ventilation. It is better to squat down and pat the shoulder and shout twice. If there is no response, feel the carotid artery on the side of the neck to see if there is beating. If the chest does not rise and fall, just perform chest compressions immediately. Some people have asked me before what should I do if I don’t dare to do anything without a first aid certificate. Our country’s Civil Code has an exemption clause for good faith rescue. As long as you save people out of good intentions, you are not responsible even if you accidentally break your ribs during compression. Last year, a girl who had just graduated gave a rescue at a subway station. The aunt who had cataplexy pressed for 12 minutes. She still had vital signs when waiting for the ambulance to arrive. This is the best example. When pressing, remember to press the position between the two nipples. Keep your arms straight and use the strength of your upper body to press down. The depth is about 5 centimeters. Pressing in the right position is more important than anything else.

If you encounter injuries such as cuts or falls, first check the bleeding status. If it is ordinary bleeding that slowly oozes out, just find a clean cloth and press it on the wound. If the blood spurts out, it is most likely that you have injured an artery, so you need to apply pressure on the wound close to the heart. Press hard on the side, and don't lift it every two minutes to see if it stops. I once encountered a worker at a construction site whose arm was scratched by a steel bar. He pressed it for three minutes and then lifted it to check. The blood flowed for almost 20 minutes, and then he pressed firmly for ten minutes before it stopped. If there is a foreign object such as glass or steel rod stuck in the wound, be sure not to pull it out foolishly. Pulling it out may cause heavy bleeding. Find two hard boards or strips of cloth to fix the two sides of the foreign object. Don't let it shake. Just send it to the hospital directly.

In fact, these skills are like emergency contacts saved in your mobile phone. There is a high probability that you will not need them at ordinary times. When something happens, it is better to remember them than to be at a loss. I have seen too many people say that learning first aid is useless. But when someone at home has a stuck throat or faints, they will only cry in panic. Spending half an hour learning a few practical things can really save lives.