Basic First Aid Skills Examination Question Bank and Answers

1. What are the compression depth and compression frequency of adult cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)? Answer: The compression depth is 5-6cm, and the compression frequency is 100-120 times/minute.

2. What is the preferred treatment method for adults who have airway foreign body obstruction and are conscious? Answer: Heimlich maneuver (upper abdominal thrust method)

3. What are the first things to pay attention to when dealing with deep and narrow contaminated wounds (such as iron nail wounds and scratches from rusty tools)? Answer: Squeeze out the dirty blood as much as possible and inoculate tetanus antitoxin or tetanus immune globulin within 24 hours

4. What is the first treatment for mild burns and scalds (no ulceration, only redness, swelling and pain)? Answer: Rinse the burned area with running water at room temperature for 15-30 minutes to cool down.

5. If you find someone lying on the ground unresponsive, not breathing/breathing like a sigh, what should you do immediately? Answer: Call people around you to dial 120 and start cardiopulmonary resuscitation immediately.

6. What is the preferred compression and hemostasis point for upper limb arterial bleeding? Answer: Brachial artery compression point (pulsation point in the middle part of the inner upper arm)

7. What is the ratio of chest compressions to artificial respiration during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (single person operation)? Answer: 30:2

8. Regarding the treatment of patients with epileptic seizures, which of the following is correct? Answer: Move your surrounding sharp objects away to avoid collisions, turn your head sideways to prevent vomiting from suffocating, do not put anything into your mouth, and do not forcefully press your limbs

9. What are the on-site treatment principles for patients with suspected fractures? Answer: Stop the bleeding first and then fix it. Do not move the fractured part at will. In particular, patients with suspected spinal fractures are not allowed to hold them at will.

10. What is the first treatment after being stung by a bee? Answer: Use a flat hard object (such as the edge of a bank card or ID card) to scrape out the stinger. Do not squeeze the poison sac with your hands.

When I took the exam for the junior first aid certificate of the city emergency center the year before last, the invigilator, Captain Zhang, was a veteran first aid worker who had been on the 120 site for 12 years. Before handing out the papers, he squatted on the edge of the podium and chatted with us: "Don't go through those messy question banks that were found. Many of the questions are from the old guide 800 years ago, and some are super-syllabus questions for the medical professional exam. For those of you who are taking the junior certificate, the core test points are all the ones I just mentioned, and they are all things you can use in real accidents." ”

I didn't believe it at the time, so I answered more than 300 partial questions. When it came to the real exam, 90 points of the questions were all related to the above 10 related knowledge points. The remaining 10 points were taken on a free-point question like "What's the emergency phone number?" The girl in the same examination room didn't take a good look at the compression depth before, so she chose 4-5cm, and she failed by just 2 points. When she took the make-up exam, she complained to me that she had known better and focused on the high-frequency test points first.

Of course, if you are taking a more professional test, such as the pre-hospital first aid post assessment, or the advanced first aid general knowledge test organized by the school, you will have to dig deeper. The focus of different types of assessment question banks is quite different. For example, the general first aid examination in colleges and universities often includes common questions in daily life such as burns and scalds, cat and dog scratches, and heat stroke. The Red Cross assessment practice accounts for 50%, and is basically based on on-site operations. The three basic examinations of medical care will add more clinical test points such as anaphylactic shock treatment and electric shock injury treatment.

Speaking of which, I have to mention a controversial question that many people struggle with. When I was preparing for the exam, I came across three different versions of "How to deal with foreign body obstruction in the airway in pregnant women." The answers included standing behind and punching the upper abdomen, some saying punching the chest, and some saying directly patting the back. Later, I specifically asked Team Zhang, and he said that there are indeed slight differences in the requirements of different guidelines: some European and American guidelines recommend the chest impact method for awake patients in the third trimester of pregnancy. The domestic Red Cross assessment requirement is to try back patting + chest impact first. If you have lost consciousness, start cardiopulmonary resuscitation directly. During the exam, you can just answer according to the training materials provided by the institution you applied for. How to get the foreign body out during the actual operation, don’t dig at the teaching materials.

By the way, the practical questions are the biggest pitfalls. Many people get perfect marks in the theoretical test, but points will be deducted as soon as they start the practical test. There was a young man in the examination room at that time. He forgot to pinch his nose when he was doing artificial respiration, and all the air he blew escaped from his nose. The invigilator reminded him twice but he didn't respond, so he deducted 20 points. There was also a girl whose elbow joints were bent when she was doing compressions. She lost strength after ten times of compressions, so she also got points deducted. These practical common test points can actually be used as a living "question bank": when pressing, the shoulders, elbows and wrists should be in line, and the center of gravity should be on the hands. ； When bandaging, expose the tips of your fingers/toes to check the blood flow ； When doing the Heimlich, you have to make a fist with the side of your thumb touching the two horizontal fingers above your belly button. These are the hardest hit areas for deducting points, and are also the most common mistakes in actual operations.

I have a little trick when preparing for the exam. Don’t memorize knowledge points by rote. Correspond each question to a real scene you have seen. For example, thinking about the last time my nephew got stuck in jelly and his face turned red, I remembered that the Heimlich movements of children are lighter than those of adults, and they have to pat the back upside down.； Thinking of the young man who died suddenly in the community last year, I remembered the concept of the golden four minutes, and that you should ask someone to call 120 first and then perform compressions. Don't just hold down the pressure for a long time by yourself without anyone calling an ambulance. It's like hanging a living hook on each knowledge point. During the exam, you can find it at the touch of a finger, and your mind will not go blank when encountering something.

Finally, let me be honest, the goal is not to get a high score by studying the question bank. The purpose of learning first aid is to dare to use it and be able to operate it when you encounter an accident. Last time I met a kid who got stuck in a fishbone at a hot pot restaurant. I didn't even think about the test questions at that time, so I subconsciously took a picture of it with a Heimlich. The people next to me asked me if I was a medical nurse, so I said that I had brushed up on this knowledge point when I was taking the first aid certificate test, so it would be useful. If you need a specific type of assessment question bank (such as the three basics of medical care and the pre-hospital first aid post assessment), you can also compare it with your own exam syllabus and break the corresponding knowledge points into scenario-based questions to memorize, which is much more efficient than going through those dry question banks.